Executive Summary Essay Example For Students

Official Summary Essay Shoes4U.com is being sorted out as a worldwide Internet shoe store thatis concentrated on lessening the general value structure, notwithstanding enablingcustomers to settle on educated choices about footwearpurchased.Shoes4U.com will likewise accomplish a serious edge by offeringservices, for example, site advancement and web based business, which have becomeessential for any business nearness. Shoes4U.com means to build up andoperate an Internet shoe store with administrations costing fundamentally lessthan the costs of its rivals, while providing predominant quality. Eight equivalent accomplices will oversee Shoes4U.com, and will each supervisedifferent zones of the business. The accomplices will make an environmentand structure that will empower efficiency and regard for customersand individual representatives. All wages and pay rates depend on the position andfull time/low maintenance status. Shoes4U.com is focusing on people somewhere in the range of 18 and 40 years old. The association is anticipating focusing on these people through variousmarketing apparatuses, with the fundamental instrument being immediate email advancements thatoffer significant investment funds on items bought. The significant subjects behindour various attempts to close the deal to our latent capacity and existing clients will bethe noteworthy cost reserve funds, comfort, smoothed out satisfaction process,broad scope of administrations and items, and thorough client servicethat Shoes4U.com gives. Shoes4U.com has four significant contenders on the web. Shoes4u.com realizesthat it should likewise contend with physical markdown retail locations. All together toremain serious Shoes4U.com has dissected their favorable circumstances and takensteps to utilize those preferences to augment their chances in the shoeindustry. Shoes4U.com offers numerous administrations and items. A portion of the servicesthat Shoes4U.com offers incorporates request following and audit 24 hrs every day, 72hr conveyance, and a 100% fulfillment ensure program. Some of theproducts that the business offers are shoes, boots, shoes, casualwear, corporate easygoing wear, and dress shoes. Shoes4U.com plans to constantly extend its business through manyways. Some of theories ways incorporate making new administrations, building brandrecognition, obtaining vital partnerships with significant shoe organizations anddistributors, and so on. Shoes4U.com will likewise grow by utilizing andextending innovation and starting a few deals programs. While expandingthe business will all the while be fighting the accompanying challenges:intensive client association, adaptable estimating, smart orderrouting, and re-orders. Organization Mission Statement and DescriptionShoes4U.com will build up a special site that gives clients variousways to purchase architect shoes and boots of assorted types and sizes. The companyplans to enroll a partnership under the name of Shoes4U.com and operateunder a similar name. Strategic at Shoes4U.com give creator shoes. Through our on-line retailoperation we ensure the best costs, the most excellent, the widestselection and the speediest conveyance using the intensity of the Internet tobecome the market head in giving comfort and choice tocustomers. DescriptionOur objective is to turn into the #1 on-line shoe retailer. By giving aconvenient approach to clients to buy the originator shoes that they love,need, and need, we offer low costs with high assortment. What makesShoes4U.com one of a kind is the capacity to catch the requirements of clients. Clients will have the option to sign on to the site, type the brand, size, andcolor of the shoe they like and a 3D picture will show up. Elements forgrowth are cutting back in enormous retail organizations, a developing pattern towards on-line buying, and society is moving towards an all the more in fact orientedtrend where each home has a PC with Internet get to. ManagementThe companys the board theory will be founded on duty andmutual regard. Shoes4U.com will keep up a situation and structure thatwill energize efficiency and regard for clients and individual workers. Moreover, the earth will urge representatives to have a fabulous time byallowing innovative autonomy and giving difficulties that are realisticand fulfilling. Shoes4U.com is a private organization with eight accomplices of equalliability. Each accomplice has various obligations and duties. Organization Director Racquel Richards Overseas the general activity andinterrelation of every division. Organization Administrators Gabrielle Mitchell, Danielle Smiley Overseasoperations inside the corporate home office, including answeringtelephones, following requests, and general client support. Inventive Consultant Deidre Melton Overseas publicizing and advancements. Chief of Supply Chain Thomas Duncan II Overseas gracefully relationshipsand obtains monetary assets. Chief of Marketing Errol Allen II Overseas client relations andmarketing procedures. Chief of Information Technology Marvin Cole Maintains site andresearches new advances relevant to Shoes4U.com. Chief of Research and Development Natasha Martin Researches trendsand future markets and territories of development. Client assistance Representatives Answers approaching client calls andresponds to client concerns. Appropriation Specialists Package orders for client deliveryRecruitment of EmployeesIn the occasion that representatives should be recruited administrations will bepurchased from a nearby work organization. Pay rates and BenefitsAll client care agents will be paid the lowest pay permitted by law and willonly get health advantages in the event that they work a normal of 40 hours per week. All accomplices will be paid an equivalent compensation dictated by how much benefit isretained from tasks after the sum total of what expenses have been rendered and liabilitieshave been secured. All laborers will be secured by Workers Compensation. All full time representatives are qualified for one weeks paid excursion after oneyear of business. The organization extends that between July 1, 2002 and December 31, 2002 itwill produce incomes of $250,000. Anticipated incomes for 2003 and 2004are $2.91 million and $5.82 million, individually. Shoes4U.com is seeking$5 million in investment to be utilized for: 1. Building up an association and office nearness in Florida. 2. Finishing improvement of the Internet shoe store. 3. Promoting the site and its administrations and items. The Market and CustomerTarget MarketShoes4U.com is concentrating on people 18 years old and more established. Duringthe ages of 18 to 40, these people are the pioneers for societyand the #1 clients of the Internet (Appendix 1). Additionally, the normal householdincome for this gathering is somewhere in the range of $50,000 and $74,000 every year (Appendix 2). CustomersShoes4U.com plans to forcefully seek after and gain clients throughpromotions and convert them into continue paying clients. Direct emailpromotions are the most significant vehicle that the organization will utilize toacquire clients. These advancements may incorporate charging the client onlyfor the item however no postage, so as to acquaint thatcustomer with our items and administrations. Shoes4U.com plans to extend itsbusiness and client base by offering advancements on a persistent premise. Shoes4U.com will constantly endeavor to furnish shoppers with more practical roads, offering considerable reserve funds instead of only a fewcents. Client Buying CriteriaThe conventional procedure of buying footwear can be long and tiring. Accordingly Shoes4U.com accepts that shoppers will pick items andservices dependent on the accompanying models: . Noteworthy cost reserve funds. The shoe store will work on the web and willbe profoundly mechanized, empowering Shoes4U.com to wipe out the expenses ofboth building/dealing with a physical shoe store andmanufacturing/conveying lists. We will have the option to give thesesavings to our clients, offering products for up to half lessthan customary shoe shops. Moreover, it is accepted that ourprices will be serious and might undermine mail-ordercatalog costs, yet have a prevalent contribution of modified items. Customarily, the essential expense of retailing has been compensations andwages just as stock. By just keeping a crisis stash ofinventory all alone and redistributing transportation to FedEx, we cut downthe stock expense just as dispense with the overhead related witheither list or physical selling. . Comfort. Shoes4U.com will build up its online shoe store andspecialized administrations to be easy to understand, utilizing a self-serviceapproach to requesting items. Items will be sent to thelocation the client chooses, empowering the whole procedure to bemanaged from the solace of the clients office or home. . Smoothed out satisfaction process. After a request is put, Shoes4U.comwill electronically send a prepared to-realistic document. Where appropriate,a work ticket record, which is an information document containing all of theattributes of a request, will be sent, first to the organization database,then to one of the companys circulation accomplices and FedEx. . Expansive scope of administrations items. Shoes4U.com will give a one-stopshop to a wide scope of items and administrations, with a shoe selectionthat the organization accepts is better than most conventional shoe storesand shoe indexes. Clients will have the option to view and analyze productsand either quickly put in their request or spare their work-in-progress to arrange sometime in the not too distant future. . Far reaching client care. Shoes4U.com will offer a wide rangeof client administrations during all periods of the requesting and fulfillmentprocess. After each request is put, an email message will beautomatically produced to the client that orders the request, thetotal cost, and repeats the evaluated conveyance time. The companywill electronically get request affirmation, and deliveryinformation from its accomplice wholesalers and make this informationaccessible to clients through a secret word ensured mechanism,enabling the client to effectively check a requests status on the web or evencancel the orde

A Book Review of Philip Dicks Blade Runner

This paper dissects the novel Blade Runner, through the creators goal and history. This paper looks at the novel, 'Edge Runner,' through two significant inquiries, what is the creators message and what is the recorded significance of this novel? The paper gives a foundation to the sci-fi plot and the focal subject of the book, human personality. It further spotlights on the focal character, Rick Deckard, and his job vital to that topic. The work revolves around the subject of being human. San Francisco Police abundance tracker Rick Deckard finds maverick androids who have gotten away from province universes and resigns them. The catch is that these androids are so human-like in appearance that nobody can tell from taking a gander at them whether they are genuine (for example human) or not thus that Deckard needs to figure out what they are before he can know whether to slaughter them. He has, as it were, to have the option to investigate their spirits, into their souls.

Culture Awareness in the Workplace

Culture Awareness in the Workplace With globalization interacting with people from all-over the world has become a factor in the life of more and more people.In the past only a select number of employees would have the task to travel across borders and experience different cultures, behaviors and attitudes.Nowadays more borders are open, travel has become more affordable for businesses and individuals and technological development is allowing everyone to communicate on a global level.Moreover, free mobility of the workforce has made workplaces many times more diverse.While it used to be a science for the ‘enlightened’, today cultural awareness has become a necessity at the workplace.And while Western society aims for equality and openness, it would be silly to neglect to recognize differences in cultures that may bring up misunderstandings, tense or unproductive communication or even legal trouble.This article aims to give a very simple list of factors that tend to be the subject of misconceptions, confusion or ev en conflict.The first part of the article will focus on cultural characteristics you might want to be aware generally in business with your providers, partners or clients. Those might help you communicate better and be perceived as more accepting.The second part of the article will focus on diversity in the workplace and how to be more open towards your colleagues from different background.The third part of the article just aims to give you some practical advice on how to create and preserve cultural awareness.CULTURAL AWARENESS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESSNegotiationsNegotiations are hard enough on their own. Throw in different background and expectations on both sides and you might have a disaster.Negotiation can happen between customer and provider for pricing, delivery conditions or service level agreements. It could be between international branches for budgets, conditions and policies.It could happen between employees and employers for compensation, social benefits, working hours or opportunities.In some cultures negotiation is a normal way of business. It could be widely accepted that the customer wants to receive the product at the best price, or that the employee wants the most money for their labor. In other countries, it could be straight up offensive. Do research for the power dynamic on the other end â€" will they expect to have the final say? Approach with humbleness and explain yourself. You do not want to come off greedy or disrespectful.In negotiations nuance is very important. If it is not the case that both sides negotiate in their native language, the language barrier could bring up misunderstandings. Misuse of a single word could give one side the wrong impression. Make sure your claim is stripped off of all assumptions based on nuance. Clean your language, too, make sure your speech is plain and straightforward.In Japan, you will face great difficulty if you try to do a hard sell. Try a humble approach, with lots of facts and arguments suppo rting your claims. Let your work be the proof of your words, not the other way around.Respect of powerIn Western Society equality is an important value and therefore hierarchy of power is… annoying.Flaunting your status or your title would be unbearable to lower level employees who like to think they are your equal. In other places respect towards superiors and seniors is vital.Seating arrangements. In the Western world, seating arrangements are rarely done. The number or position of your chair would have little to no significance and even if you happen to take someone’s seat it is usually taken light-heartedly. That is not the case for businesspeople from China and Japan. You have to be seated by rank â€" the highest in rank from your side will sit the closest to the highest in rank from the other side. Failing to respect the seating arrangement will be quite the embarrassing situation.Businessmen from countries such the UK, the USA and most of Europe would go out of their way to eliminate or minimize the sense of inequality. Freedom and justice are highly valued. Employees expect to be consulted for their opinion and for it to be taken into account whenever the situation allows it. Control is highly avoided. Micromanagement is off-putting and suffocating.Nonverbal communicationApart from differences in language for non-natives, you should be aware of differences in non-verbal communication.Eye contact. In the UK and the United States, keeping eye contact is a sign of confidence in your own position, and trusting the other side. It is a sign of openness towards others. Avoiding eye contact would come to signify concealing something, lying, having difficulty in communication, or straight up disliking the other person. On the contrary, in Japan, prolonged eye contact is considered to be very rude.Normally during negotiations businessmen from the United States, Europe and most of the Asian countries would like to keep their distance. Physical contact is avoi ded even for brief moments. In the Middle East, however, some physical contact is part of building trust in a relationship between business partners. A pat on the shoulder, a light touch on the higher arm it is a sign of getting to know each other and having a more personal approach. Flinching away, showing surprise or any sort of disapproval of this gesture will be considered offensive.Openness towards the unknownBusiness in some countries have a tendency to work by very rigid codes of conduct. The strict behavior comes from different levels of being accepting of the unknown.Some want to avoid ambiguities at all costs and therefore they follow order and traditions that could rule out any sort of uncertainties.On the contrary, workers in other countries find having a lot of rules could be suffocating.In the United States the latter is the most prominent behavior. Americans are generally more happy to feel free, and unburdened by rules even if it means they have to change plans or c ope with things on the go.Similarly, the UK are also generally more accepting of new ideas, however, the British don’t mind having rules for this and that.China and Japan are a good example of a country where rules are honored.RestrainBeing punctual. The famous proverb ‘Time is money’ says it all. Time is valued a lot in Western societies. In the United States and Germany, for example being punctual is almost a religious act. In many cases, the organizational structure and the workflow will literally mean a messy schedule equals losses. Well, time is not as important for every nationality. The Spanish, for example, have a reputation of being more laid back in that respect. Arriving late for a meeting, however, might result in a difficult conversation with the average German businessman.The Japanese have important routines in everyday business, which includes, for example, exchanging small gifts on a first meeting. The way the Japanese handle their business cards is curious. A business card is considered to be an extension of the businessman’s identity. The rule is, make sure you give your business card with the side printed on Japanese towards the person, holding it with both your hands. When you receive a card back, never put it in your back pocket or your wallet. Never fold or play with the card. Read it briefly and put it away. It should go in your business card holder. And if you are already seated, it should stay on the table in front of you for the entirety of your meeting.While Asian countries such as China and India tend to score low on the Index of Indulgence vs. Restraint, countries such as the USA, the UK and Sweden score higher. That means they respect personal goals and needs more than discipline and restrain. They tend to be more optimistic and feel more justified when they cater to their personal needs, when they spend more time on their hobbies, when they give in to their impulses.IndividualismJapan is an example of a culture that is al ways oriented towards the group and rarely towards the individual. The Japanese believe acting as a group brings strength and stability. The individual, on the other hand, is vulnerable. This belief manifests itself in differences in business practices for example, giving credit. An individual will never be singled out for an appraisal, unless someone would want to embarrass them. Appreciation is usually shown for the entire team.Americans are often seen as example of ultimate individualism. The States are a popular example of the notion of free-wheeling capitalism. They believe ultimately individualism leads to a higher level of personal responsibility, where no one wants to have their efforts lost in a group and no one group wants to drag the dead weight of a slacker. They believe this culture creates a sense of healthy competition in the business environment and with that comes benefit on a microlevel. Every employee is expected to be able to show proof of their contributions an d talents. And results â€" personal accomplishments. It is supposed to boost personal creativity and ingenuity and, on a larger level, encourage entrepreneurship. CULTURAL AWARENESS IN THE WORKPLACEHolidays traditionsA big and popular crime against cultural awareness is organizing a Christmas party, instead of a Holiday party. There is nothing bad in celebrating Christmas, unless you exclude all other religions. So, make sure you do not sneak in Santa, reindeer and a tree without adding symbolism for other holidays. How to achieve that? The easiest way is to make sure you have diversity in the party committee,Another example of a holiday that is often disrespected is Ramadan. The holiday is supposed to be a cleanse of the soul and body. Muslims are to abstain from eating, drinking, alcohol, any sort of drugs and sex to put a stop to their giving into temptation. For one month during the early summer, be respectful of this tradition. Do not organize luncheons or invite your Muslim c olleagues to lavish events they cannot attend to.Some countries are more accepting of immigrant holidays than other. However, try not to get too excited for someone else’s holiday. You can have an appreciation for their culture, but don’t steal their thunder.When in doubt, ask. People will not expect you to know all of their traditions, beliefs and honored rituals. Feel free to express some healthy curiosity and go as far as they want to take you. Do not meddle in their business more than you have to, but show that you embrace them.Dress codeIn the USA and Europe dress code is a way of self-expression. Even in the corporate environment boundaries are being broken in the name of comfort and personal freedom. Millennials by now account for about 30% of the workforce and they drive a movement for a more relaxed, laid back culture. Gender equality is another factor. Commenting on the length of a woman’s skirt could be considered offensive.The Japanese typically tend to be quite co nservative when it comes to dress code. Business suits are key. Neutral colors are used that would blend in a crowd. Women wear plain clothing with minimum jewelry and simple accessories.In the UAE modesty is not just the widely accepted style, it is protected by law. While exceptions are being done for tourists and businessmen and -women, it is considered really disrespectful if a lady’s shoulders and knees are not covered.More often than not, the dress code of an immigrant to a culture should be respected. That is, unless it represents an issue for their personal safety or is an undue hardship for the employer.For example, a lady wearing a hijab could be harmful for her if she works in a factory where she would lean over machines with fast moving parts â€" it becomes a safety issue.Gender-based conductWestern countries strive for gender equality. As a matter of fact, as The Guardian reports: ‘Emotional intelligence, people skills and flexibility, attributes that have tradition ally been seen as more feminine qualities, will be particularly highly valued’ in the future â€" one of the results of a study predicting the values of future leaders. On the contrary, in some countries a man and a woman cannot even shake hands. A woman’s significance will be underestimated even if she is the only decision maker in the room.The first thing to be cautious of is personal space. Most pregnant women do not like being touched or asked too many questions, but the more restrained the culture is, the more that behavior would become unacceptable and offensive. Next comes the attitude towards working. In Mexico for example, a mom would be encouraged to take time off work and attend to her needs for rest, food cravings and to take care of her body â€" take long walks to keep herself healthy. In the States, generally pregnancy is a respected feat, as long as the mother-to-be is not too demanding of help or exceptions. Leaving work to take care of her children would be frown ed upon â€" she would be considered to settle for less.HOW TO CREATE AND PRESERVE CULTURAL AWARENESS IN THE WORKPLACEHigher cultural awareness leads to better productivity, more highly appreciated company culture, attracting and retaining top talent regardless of background, and higher employee job satisfaction.Having a comprehensive, no-nonsense diversity and cultural awareness policy is a must. It will save you money, efforts and, in some cases, even legal trouble.Cultural awareness and cultural diversity policiesDirectionYour policy must have two main branches. Cultural awareness towards customers and partners and cultural awareness towards employees.The first branch would aim to educate your employees for cultural differences so that they atone their communication efforts, expectations and forecasts when dealing with international providers, partners and customers.Coming off as more educated, accepting and respectful will improve relationships, your company’s image and, most i mportantly, results.The second branch would aim for employment diversity in your teams, a culture of support and acceptance. It will include the measures you will take towards the specific diversity of the people you work with and want to work with.Clarity in communicationAdopt a way of speaking in your company that would eliminate the risk of any misunderstandings because of non-native language, non-verbal communications, nuances or assumptions.Teach your employees to use simple language when talking business. However, do not stop at how-to-say-it. Continue with what-to-say.Business communication must be stripped off of all assumptions and ambiguities. For example, every time a task or a project is described or delegated it must contain all possible criteria and only the criteria that will make it a success. The budget, the scope, the time, etc.SensitivityWhen dealing with foreign markets research is key. Make sure you introduce specific requirements and guidelines for how, when an d how long this research should occur for. Provide resources. The minimum is time and money. Introduce follow-up mechanisms to ensure research has taken place.Sensitivity inside the company should be encouraged via trainings, discussions, and organized themed events. Create a diverse team who will be in charge to organize regular trainings and casual events. Make sure you screen new employees for the traits for cultural sensitivity and train new hires.Last but not least, introduce guidelines for best practices on the one hand â€" cooperation between colleagues, participation in events, etc; and on the other â€" red lines that must not be crossed.Self-awarenessDo not stop at educating your employees about the differences you find with other cultures. Tell them what other cultures find peculiar about yours.It is sometimes difficult to discover that actions and traditions you perceive as normal are perceived as strange by others. But it helps the ultimate goal of better understanding a nd more productive communication.FlexibilityEncourage flexibility. Each company has a code of conduct. Assure your employees breaking the code is acceptable if it would make your partners, providers or customers more comfortable in your partnership.For example, you may have the practice to organize informal meetings. Your employees feel more comfortable discussing business matters over dinner instead of in the conference room. There are countries in which that would be unacceptable and offensive. It will be taken as a sign you are not taking them seriously.Teach your employees sensitivity toward unwillingness and the sense of compromise. Ask them to watch out for non-verbal cues when someone is uncomfortable.Give them the power to take out-of-the-box decisions and when it is a good time to break the rules. Work with examples â€" your business history would definitely be the best source to illustrate the possible benefit from such a brave management policy.Diversity Make sure you int roduce rules for diversity â€" strive towards equality of gender, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Your team should look like a representative sample of your community.Your diversity efforts must not and cannot only affect the representation only on lower levels in your organization. Representation must be diverse in management, too.Diversity in representation must be accompanied with equality in compensation. The remuneration best be equal between men and women, between races and ethnicities of employees taking the same position.Achieving a truly diverse workplace is the best way to ensure you work in a culturally rich and aware environment.ReinforcementIf your policies would stand any chance of being taken seriously, you must introduce a form of reinforcement.Your employees must be aware that it is unacceptable to bully, judge or make in any way uncomfortable people who are different.Lay out the consequences. Start simple. Make the measures easy to follow through with. Mak e the penalties proportionate to the crime.Do not stop at negative reinforcement. Introduce mechanisms to encourage cooperation and sensitivity. Bonuses, titles or benefits would do. Make recognition of those efforts a regular occurrence.CONCLUSIONAwareness of cultural differences does not come naturally. What comes naturally is the culture you know from your own family, your own country and the companies where you build your career. That is what you consider normal.Sensitivity must be taught, accepted, and preserved. It requires time, effort and an open mind.Working with people from all over the world, with different backgrounds, religious beliefs, codes of conduct, tradition, rituals and convictions is becoming the new normal.And with that maybe one day cultural awareness will be just common sense.But for now, it is a way to get ahead.

Culture Awareness in the Workplace

Culture Awareness in the Workplace With globalization interacting with people from all-over the world has become a factor in the life of more and more people.In the past only a select number of employees would have the task to travel across borders and experience different cultures, behaviors and attitudes.Nowadays more borders are open, travel has become more affordable for businesses and individuals and technological development is allowing everyone to communicate on a global level.Moreover, free mobility of the workforce has made workplaces many times more diverse.While it used to be a science for the ‘enlightened’, today cultural awareness has become a necessity at the workplace.And while Western society aims for equality and openness, it would be silly to neglect to recognize differences in cultures that may bring up misunderstandings, tense or unproductive communication or even legal trouble.This article aims to give a very simple list of factors that tend to be the subject of misconceptions, confusion or ev en conflict.The first part of the article will focus on cultural characteristics you might want to be aware generally in business with your providers, partners or clients. Those might help you communicate better and be perceived as more accepting.The second part of the article will focus on diversity in the workplace and how to be more open towards your colleagues from different background.The third part of the article just aims to give you some practical advice on how to create and preserve cultural awareness.CULTURAL AWARENESS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESSNegotiationsNegotiations are hard enough on their own. Throw in different background and expectations on both sides and you might have a disaster.Negotiation can happen between customer and provider for pricing, delivery conditions or service level agreements. It could be between international branches for budgets, conditions and policies.It could happen between employees and employers for compensation, social benefits, working hours or opportunities.In some cultures negotiation is a normal way of business. It could be widely accepted that the customer wants to receive the product at the best price, or that the employee wants the most money for their labor. In other countries, it could be straight up offensive. Do research for the power dynamic on the other end â€" will they expect to have the final say? Approach with humbleness and explain yourself. You do not want to come off greedy or disrespectful.In negotiations nuance is very important. If it is not the case that both sides negotiate in their native language, the language barrier could bring up misunderstandings. Misuse of a single word could give one side the wrong impression. Make sure your claim is stripped off of all assumptions based on nuance. Clean your language, too, make sure your speech is plain and straightforward.In Japan, you will face great difficulty if you try to do a hard sell. Try a humble approach, with lots of facts and arguments suppo rting your claims. Let your work be the proof of your words, not the other way around.Respect of powerIn Western Society equality is an important value and therefore hierarchy of power is… annoying.Flaunting your status or your title would be unbearable to lower level employees who like to think they are your equal. In other places respect towards superiors and seniors is vital.Seating arrangements. In the Western world, seating arrangements are rarely done. The number or position of your chair would have little to no significance and even if you happen to take someone’s seat it is usually taken light-heartedly. That is not the case for businesspeople from China and Japan. You have to be seated by rank â€" the highest in rank from your side will sit the closest to the highest in rank from the other side. Failing to respect the seating arrangement will be quite the embarrassing situation.Businessmen from countries such the UK, the USA and most of Europe would go out of their way to eliminate or minimize the sense of inequality. Freedom and justice are highly valued. Employees expect to be consulted for their opinion and for it to be taken into account whenever the situation allows it. Control is highly avoided. Micromanagement is off-putting and suffocating.Nonverbal communicationApart from differences in language for non-natives, you should be aware of differences in non-verbal communication.Eye contact. In the UK and the United States, keeping eye contact is a sign of confidence in your own position, and trusting the other side. It is a sign of openness towards others. Avoiding eye contact would come to signify concealing something, lying, having difficulty in communication, or straight up disliking the other person. On the contrary, in Japan, prolonged eye contact is considered to be very rude.Normally during negotiations businessmen from the United States, Europe and most of the Asian countries would like to keep their distance. Physical contact is avoi ded even for brief moments. In the Middle East, however, some physical contact is part of building trust in a relationship between business partners. A pat on the shoulder, a light touch on the higher arm it is a sign of getting to know each other and having a more personal approach. Flinching away, showing surprise or any sort of disapproval of this gesture will be considered offensive.Openness towards the unknownBusiness in some countries have a tendency to work by very rigid codes of conduct. The strict behavior comes from different levels of being accepting of the unknown.Some want to avoid ambiguities at all costs and therefore they follow order and traditions that could rule out any sort of uncertainties.On the contrary, workers in other countries find having a lot of rules could be suffocating.In the United States the latter is the most prominent behavior. Americans are generally more happy to feel free, and unburdened by rules even if it means they have to change plans or c ope with things on the go.Similarly, the UK are also generally more accepting of new ideas, however, the British don’t mind having rules for this and that.China and Japan are a good example of a country where rules are honored.RestrainBeing punctual. The famous proverb ‘Time is money’ says it all. Time is valued a lot in Western societies. In the United States and Germany, for example being punctual is almost a religious act. In many cases, the organizational structure and the workflow will literally mean a messy schedule equals losses. Well, time is not as important for every nationality. The Spanish, for example, have a reputation of being more laid back in that respect. Arriving late for a meeting, however, might result in a difficult conversation with the average German businessman.The Japanese have important routines in everyday business, which includes, for example, exchanging small gifts on a first meeting. The way the Japanese handle their business cards is curious. A business card is considered to be an extension of the businessman’s identity. The rule is, make sure you give your business card with the side printed on Japanese towards the person, holding it with both your hands. When you receive a card back, never put it in your back pocket or your wallet. Never fold or play with the card. Read it briefly and put it away. It should go in your business card holder. And if you are already seated, it should stay on the table in front of you for the entirety of your meeting.While Asian countries such as China and India tend to score low on the Index of Indulgence vs. Restraint, countries such as the USA, the UK and Sweden score higher. That means they respect personal goals and needs more than discipline and restrain. They tend to be more optimistic and feel more justified when they cater to their personal needs, when they spend more time on their hobbies, when they give in to their impulses.IndividualismJapan is an example of a culture that is al ways oriented towards the group and rarely towards the individual. The Japanese believe acting as a group brings strength and stability. The individual, on the other hand, is vulnerable. This belief manifests itself in differences in business practices for example, giving credit. An individual will never be singled out for an appraisal, unless someone would want to embarrass them. Appreciation is usually shown for the entire team.Americans are often seen as example of ultimate individualism. The States are a popular example of the notion of free-wheeling capitalism. They believe ultimately individualism leads to a higher level of personal responsibility, where no one wants to have their efforts lost in a group and no one group wants to drag the dead weight of a slacker. They believe this culture creates a sense of healthy competition in the business environment and with that comes benefit on a microlevel. Every employee is expected to be able to show proof of their contributions an d talents. And results â€" personal accomplishments. It is supposed to boost personal creativity and ingenuity and, on a larger level, encourage entrepreneurship. CULTURAL AWARENESS IN THE WORKPLACEHolidays traditionsA big and popular crime against cultural awareness is organizing a Christmas party, instead of a Holiday party. There is nothing bad in celebrating Christmas, unless you exclude all other religions. So, make sure you do not sneak in Santa, reindeer and a tree without adding symbolism for other holidays. How to achieve that? The easiest way is to make sure you have diversity in the party committee,Another example of a holiday that is often disrespected is Ramadan. The holiday is supposed to be a cleanse of the soul and body. Muslims are to abstain from eating, drinking, alcohol, any sort of drugs and sex to put a stop to their giving into temptation. For one month during the early summer, be respectful of this tradition. Do not organize luncheons or invite your Muslim c olleagues to lavish events they cannot attend to.Some countries are more accepting of immigrant holidays than other. However, try not to get too excited for someone else’s holiday. You can have an appreciation for their culture, but don’t steal their thunder.When in doubt, ask. People will not expect you to know all of their traditions, beliefs and honored rituals. Feel free to express some healthy curiosity and go as far as they want to take you. Do not meddle in their business more than you have to, but show that you embrace them.Dress codeIn the USA and Europe dress code is a way of self-expression. Even in the corporate environment boundaries are being broken in the name of comfort and personal freedom. Millennials by now account for about 30% of the workforce and they drive a movement for a more relaxed, laid back culture. Gender equality is another factor. Commenting on the length of a woman’s skirt could be considered offensive.The Japanese typically tend to be quite co nservative when it comes to dress code. Business suits are key. Neutral colors are used that would blend in a crowd. Women wear plain clothing with minimum jewelry and simple accessories.In the UAE modesty is not just the widely accepted style, it is protected by law. While exceptions are being done for tourists and businessmen and -women, it is considered really disrespectful if a lady’s shoulders and knees are not covered.More often than not, the dress code of an immigrant to a culture should be respected. That is, unless it represents an issue for their personal safety or is an undue hardship for the employer.For example, a lady wearing a hijab could be harmful for her if she works in a factory where she would lean over machines with fast moving parts â€" it becomes a safety issue.Gender-based conductWestern countries strive for gender equality. As a matter of fact, as The Guardian reports: ‘Emotional intelligence, people skills and flexibility, attributes that have tradition ally been seen as more feminine qualities, will be particularly highly valued’ in the future â€" one of the results of a study predicting the values of future leaders. On the contrary, in some countries a man and a woman cannot even shake hands. A woman’s significance will be underestimated even if she is the only decision maker in the room.The first thing to be cautious of is personal space. Most pregnant women do not like being touched or asked too many questions, but the more restrained the culture is, the more that behavior would become unacceptable and offensive. Next comes the attitude towards working. In Mexico for example, a mom would be encouraged to take time off work and attend to her needs for rest, food cravings and to take care of her body â€" take long walks to keep herself healthy. In the States, generally pregnancy is a respected feat, as long as the mother-to-be is not too demanding of help or exceptions. Leaving work to take care of her children would be frown ed upon â€" she would be considered to settle for less.HOW TO CREATE AND PRESERVE CULTURAL AWARENESS IN THE WORKPLACEHigher cultural awareness leads to better productivity, more highly appreciated company culture, attracting and retaining top talent regardless of background, and higher employee job satisfaction.Having a comprehensive, no-nonsense diversity and cultural awareness policy is a must. It will save you money, efforts and, in some cases, even legal trouble.Cultural awareness and cultural diversity policiesDirectionYour policy must have two main branches. Cultural awareness towards customers and partners and cultural awareness towards employees.The first branch would aim to educate your employees for cultural differences so that they atone their communication efforts, expectations and forecasts when dealing with international providers, partners and customers.Coming off as more educated, accepting and respectful will improve relationships, your company’s image and, most i mportantly, results.The second branch would aim for employment diversity in your teams, a culture of support and acceptance. It will include the measures you will take towards the specific diversity of the people you work with and want to work with.Clarity in communicationAdopt a way of speaking in your company that would eliminate the risk of any misunderstandings because of non-native language, non-verbal communications, nuances or assumptions.Teach your employees to use simple language when talking business. However, do not stop at how-to-say-it. Continue with what-to-say.Business communication must be stripped off of all assumptions and ambiguities. For example, every time a task or a project is described or delegated it must contain all possible criteria and only the criteria that will make it a success. The budget, the scope, the time, etc.SensitivityWhen dealing with foreign markets research is key. Make sure you introduce specific requirements and guidelines for how, when an d how long this research should occur for. Provide resources. The minimum is time and money. Introduce follow-up mechanisms to ensure research has taken place.Sensitivity inside the company should be encouraged via trainings, discussions, and organized themed events. Create a diverse team who will be in charge to organize regular trainings and casual events. Make sure you screen new employees for the traits for cultural sensitivity and train new hires.Last but not least, introduce guidelines for best practices on the one hand â€" cooperation between colleagues, participation in events, etc; and on the other â€" red lines that must not be crossed.Self-awarenessDo not stop at educating your employees about the differences you find with other cultures. Tell them what other cultures find peculiar about yours.It is sometimes difficult to discover that actions and traditions you perceive as normal are perceived as strange by others. But it helps the ultimate goal of better understanding a nd more productive communication.FlexibilityEncourage flexibility. Each company has a code of conduct. Assure your employees breaking the code is acceptable if it would make your partners, providers or customers more comfortable in your partnership.For example, you may have the practice to organize informal meetings. Your employees feel more comfortable discussing business matters over dinner instead of in the conference room. There are countries in which that would be unacceptable and offensive. It will be taken as a sign you are not taking them seriously.Teach your employees sensitivity toward unwillingness and the sense of compromise. Ask them to watch out for non-verbal cues when someone is uncomfortable.Give them the power to take out-of-the-box decisions and when it is a good time to break the rules. Work with examples â€" your business history would definitely be the best source to illustrate the possible benefit from such a brave management policy.Diversity Make sure you int roduce rules for diversity â€" strive towards equality of gender, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Your team should look like a representative sample of your community.Your diversity efforts must not and cannot only affect the representation only on lower levels in your organization. Representation must be diverse in management, too.Diversity in representation must be accompanied with equality in compensation. The remuneration best be equal between men and women, between races and ethnicities of employees taking the same position.Achieving a truly diverse workplace is the best way to ensure you work in a culturally rich and aware environment.ReinforcementIf your policies would stand any chance of being taken seriously, you must introduce a form of reinforcement.Your employees must be aware that it is unacceptable to bully, judge or make in any way uncomfortable people who are different.Lay out the consequences. Start simple. Make the measures easy to follow through with. Mak e the penalties proportionate to the crime.Do not stop at negative reinforcement. Introduce mechanisms to encourage cooperation and sensitivity. Bonuses, titles or benefits would do. Make recognition of those efforts a regular occurrence.CONCLUSIONAwareness of cultural differences does not come naturally. What comes naturally is the culture you know from your own family, your own country and the companies where you build your career. That is what you consider normal.Sensitivity must be taught, accepted, and preserved. It requires time, effort and an open mind.Working with people from all over the world, with different backgrounds, religious beliefs, codes of conduct, tradition, rituals and convictions is becoming the new normal.And with that maybe one day cultural awareness will be just common sense.But for now, it is a way to get ahead.

Enders Game A Military-Dystopian Novel - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 893 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Enders Game Essay Did you like this example? In the military-dystopian novel, Enders Game, by Orson Scott Card, Ender, the younger brother of Peter and Valentine, goes through many difficulties during the story. Due to the fact that he still has his monitor residing in his neck, he gets bullied a lot. Most kids his age dont have their monitors because they are not fit to be accepted as leaders by the government, but because Ender still has his monitor, so he is considered different. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Enders Game: A Military-Dystopian Novel" essay for you Create order Although he is viewed as a weak person because he is bullied, his growing character stood out to me the most. Throughout the book, Enders most important character traits that helped him through tough times or just complimented his personality was his persistence, adaptiveness, and his empathy. With these character traits, he grows into a stronger individual, which eventually had a greater effect in the end. Enders persistence allows him to overpower the challenge of isolation throughout his stay at Battle School. His trainer, Colonel Graff, isolates him to avoid distractions including other people so that he will learn how to encourage him to rely on his own strengths and intelligence. The fear stayed, all through dinner as no one sat by him in the mess hall. The other boys were talking about things the big scoreboard on one wall, the food, the bigger kids. Ender could only watch in isolation.(Card 31) Because of Enders persistence, he tries to form allies and build friendships ceaselessly, successfully displaying his persistent personality. They [Shen and Ender] laughed together, and two other launchies joined them. Enders isolation was over.(Card 39) Even when Ender joins a brand new group filled with older kids who detest him, he continues to persist and eventually finds a way to train and learn the abilities he needs to achieve success. Ender Wiggins adaptive character personality helps him adapt to a variety of circumstances which allows him to get through many obstacles. At first, he struggles to perform properly without his monitor. However, when he fights Stilson, he proves that he can defend himself without the monitor. Even though there are kids who resent Ender, he is able to learn throughout his stay at Battle School and Command School which clearly portrays his adaptability. Ender manages to work with a brand new team when his teacher transfers him to Salamander Army. even though hes seen as a competition by the team, particularly its leader Bonzo, thanks to his strong capabilities as a launchy, hes still able to adapt to his discouraging team, Bonzos rules and also the unpleasant surroundings. Since Bonzo had ordered him not to draw his weapon, Ender continued to drift, not moving his head or arms, as if they had been frozen too.(Card 125) As an inexperienced and young member of the Battle school, Ender ef fectively adapts to being a leader when hes promoted to lead an army of his own. At the end of the week Dragon Army had fought seven battles in seven days. The score stood 7 wins and 0 losses.(Card 224) Despite the fact that Ender is still very young, colonel Graff exhausts his army by putting them in multiple battles nearly every day. Again, this shows Enders adaptability when he has to adapt to different circumstances in order to become a successful leader. Enders empathic abilities are evident throughout the entire book as he communicates with other characters. Near the beginning of the book, when Ender plays Buggers and Astronauts with his brother, he puts himself into the buggers position; making an attempt to sense what they feel, think, and the way they would move. He put on the mask. It closed him in like a hand pressed tight against his face. but this isnt how it feels a bugger, thought Ender   On their home worlds, do the buggers put on human masks, and play?(Card 8) And then in the end, Ender greatly displays his empathy for the buggers. Ender chooses to listen to the Bugger Queens words. This is something that no one else would be able to do since the Bugger Queen had attacked earth. From this, Ender learns from the Bugger Queen that they didnt intend to hurt the human race. In the moment when I truly understand my enemy, understand him well enough to defeat him, then in that very moment I also love him. I think its impossib le to really understand somebody, what they want, what they believe, and not love them the way they love themselves.(Card 168) With the help of Enders empathy, peace is created between the him and the buggers and he starts to appreciate the ones who were once called the enemy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The boy that was once bullied because he was different, became a very independent and developed character. From being a character of no importance, Orson Scott Card shows us Enders developed character and his most important traits which includes his persistence, adaptiveness, and his empathy. Throughout the story, Ender was able to get through thick and thin, displaying how much his character grew. If it werent for Enders persistence, adaptiveness, and empathy, he wouldnt have made out alive from Battle School and there wouldve also been new problems with the Bugger Queen. These character traits of Ender truly made his character stand out to me in this book, showing me the character development it ended up having.

Gender Equality And Gender Bias - 2091 Words

Gender equality and gender bias has been vigorously discussed and argued for decades, and it still remains as the issue that cannot be ignored in our society. The NSW department of Education and Training provides the Boys’ and Girls’ Education Strategy to assist all government schools in NSW to undertake a strategic approach to address gender as an educational issues(NSW DEC). Still, girls are now facing difficulties that arose from not only their abilities but also the influence from their families and the communities. In this essay, problems or difficulties that young girls or female students faced because of other participants in the education or schooling system will be discussed. Strategies and recommendations in regard to those issues will be talked afterwards. Even we say we are living in a gender equal society, but it is rare to see women at the dominant place in each industry. Hundred years before, women were not allowed to study, and men were taking the power to control the society. Nowadays, women are able to have higher education as men do, but some of them still experience blocks in their career path. And we cannot ignore that they performed better than men with higher average grade and used short time to complete the study(Reis, 2001, p. 28). The preconceptions of women, male stereotyping and exclusion of informal network slows down women s step towards the top management positions, and it is not normally because of gender discrimination, but just about whoShow MoreRelatedThe Gender Biases Of Children1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe gender biases learned in schools are revealed later in the workplace, further revealing the impact it can have. Students’ talents may go unrecognized and undeveloped simply because they were not appropriate for their gender norms created by society. 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From the start of the introduction Sandberg indicates her stance, a key factor to a narrative, by saying â€Å"It has been more than two decades since I entered the workforce, and so much is still the same. It is time for us to face the fact that our revolution has stalled. The promise of equality is not the same as true equality†(Sandberg, 7). She writes about equality in hopes

The Influence of Salah Al-Din Yusuf Essay - 603 Words

Salah al-Din Yusuf was born in Tikrite, Iraq in 1138. He is known today as Saladin. His father, Ayyub, was promoted to the Head of Damascus Militia. Saladin was raised in the center stage of where the main political decisions regarding the Crusades were made. With his religion and education his reputation grew for his politics and leadership over the militia and his people. With these Saladin would hold many positions in government and military, and he would eventually conquer Jerusalem and defeat the third crusade. In the Middle Ages life expectancies were low so men were given responsibilities early in their adulthood. Saladin got married at the age of fourteen and was sent to his uncle Shirkuh, a senior command officer of the†¦show more content†¦The Crusaders of Kerak made an attack on the Muslim pilgrims in 1187. In response Saladin moved his forces to northern Palestine and won a battle against a much larger Crusader army in the battle of Hettin, defeating the King of Jerusalem. Three months later he took Jerusalem in a siege. After signing a treaty giving over the city to Saladin except for a quarter of the city designated for the Franks. No Christian blood was spilled after that point. Foot soldiers were sold into slavery and Saladin offered a fee to leave the city in peace, but if people couldn’t pay he helped them get out of the city indirectly. Western Europe were stunned by the success of Saladin, and Pope Gregory VIII immediately called for the Third Crusade. This was led by Richard I, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, and King Phillip II of France. Fredrick was drowned on his march and little of his army continued on without him. Richard and Phillip continued up the coast taking ports as to keep their soldiers with supplies. No matter how many supplies were given they still lacked from the heat. Phillip became exhausted after the siege of Acre and left for France leaving only Richard. Richard started to march inland but he c ame to realize that Saladin had stripped the countryside of food and fodder. He pleaded to Saladin for water and fruit, and being a strict Muslim he sent it but also got a glimpse inside of their encampment. Seeing the little army that RichardShow MoreRelatedThe Great Leaders Of Time2360 Words   |  10 PagesHistory has been marked by the great leaders of time. In the middle to late 12th century, one man from northern Iraq by the name of Saladin (Salah al-Din), born Yusuf ibn Ayyub, shown in this painting, changed the course of history and still influences it today. Saladin lived in Muslim controlled land during the age of the Crusades. He worked his way up the military before taking power in during the Third Crusade. The Crusades saw and bred many great leaders during its time both on the Christian

International Corporation Law Module

Question: Discuss the tension between the principle of limited liability with its veil of incorporation and the concept of corporate responsibility in the context of multinational corporations? Answer: In order to critically analyze between the Principle of Limited Liability with its veil on incorporation and the concept of corporate responsibility in context to multinational companies, at first we need to clear our concept about limited liability. We need to provide with a short briefing as to what the topics exactly stands for. The term Limited Liability can be explained as liability that is limited in simple sense. Different types of companies exist in our country . It might be a Private company, Public company, Partnership company etc. All these companies have certain liabilities embedded to their entity. The term Limited Liability is applicable either to Partnership Company or Limited Liability Company. A shareholder can take complete part in the growth of the company, but liability is restricted to his investment amount. Even if the company goes bankrupt, his liability will not be extended beyond his investment limit . For Partnership Company, the liability of the partners depends on the type of partner they are to the company. In case of limited partners, liability is limited, while in case of general partner, liability is unlimited. The main purpose of limited liability is to protect an individuals personal assets and properties from being subjugated by the creditors of the company, to which he is a s hareholder or a partner, on the event of insolvency of that company. Incorporation helps a company to stand up as a separate entity from the members of the company . Incorporation helps both the company and the members of the company to be two separate legal entity. A form of liability which doesnt allow any partnership or limited liability company to over cross their investment amount is known as Limited Liability. Limited liability is quite beneficial for publicly listed companies. It restricts the risk to be borne by a shareholder. In cases of large scale industries, limited liability is favorable, for there are huge chances of losses, resulting into extension of liability of the company members. Industries like Insurance sector suffer from this type of risk . For example, the setback that befell numerous Lloyds names, private in nature agreed to accept unlimited liabilities in relation to the insurance risk in exchange of pocketing profit from insurance premiums . In contrast to this, the big public companies that have a record of going bankrupt l ike Lehman and Enron Brothers, in this case, the shareholders of the company though incurred losses, didnt have to pay for the hundreds of billions of dollars that the company owed to their creditors . So the basic purpose of establishing the concept of Limited Liability is to protect the interest of the shareholders and members in respect to private company or limited liability company and of the limited partners in matters of partnership company. Corporate veil is the legal term that helps to separate the legal identity of the company from the legal identity of their members or the shareholders of that company with a view of protecting the interest of liability of the members or the shareholders in the company. This protect of interest isnt impenetrable or ironclad. In matters, where the court finds that a company has acted fraudulently or have not worked in accordance to the laws laid down, the members or the shareholders of the company can be held liable personally for the companys fraudulent act as per the legal concept of lifting the corporate veil. Incorporation helps in lifting a companys existence as a separate legal artificial entity by the state statute. The company gets all the privileges and rights that a separate legal entity enjoys as per the law of the state provides. The concept of Corporate veil is used as a figurative reference in UK and UK based company law. It basically validates the principle that the rights, responsibilities and duties of a corporation are the individual responsibility of that particular company. There is no such law that provides that a natural person will be liable for the responsibilities or conducts of another person, unless there is some contract enforced impliedly or expressly stating the duty of that particular person to take up the charge of another persons conduct and obligation. In the same manner, the employees or the members or the shareholders of the company cannot be held liable for the act or conduct or obligation of the company. The company being a natural person shall bear its o wn responsibility. Corporate veil is capable of being lifted as provided by the law in United Kingdom. This facility is mainly provided by the law, so that the people running the company can be held for their part of debts or can be benefited from its right, in certain exceptional circumstances as provided by law. These facility or legal term is mostly introduced for the purpose of solving issues, when a company is declared insolvent, and the creditors aim at recovering their investment from anyone who was a part of the bankrupt company . Since a corporation is a separate entity therefore they have to pay double taxes. Once they have to pay taxes at corporate level and again when the shares are divided among the shareholders as dividends. In context to all these, there are some basic advantages that can be noticed: Most business which chooses the corporate veil selects it basically for limited liability as this fixes the corporate status of a company. save their life from being sued for the liabilities that are owed by the company. Though they have to pay the amount liability that is equivalent to their amount of investment, yet their personal assets are not required to be invested for repayment of the liabilities. It becomes very easy for the corporation to raise capital as unlike the sole proprietorship or , they have the stock to sell. Investors will be more interested in investing in a corporation having high profit scales. It becomes also easy to attract the employees who are interested in fringe benefits. Employee turnover is always more in a corporation as employees are not required to pay taxes on fringe benefits like medical expenses or travelling allowances etc. The most beneficial fact about incorporation of veil is that till the company is not dissolved by law, no event can draw an ending line for the corporation. Basically limited liability acts as Default position . For example. A bank will lend money to the a small, scale business provided the director of the company provides a security for the loan which might be his personal property. In this process, it lays down the principle whereby two parties in the contract mutually agree to the fact that if there is any breach of contract then one person switches of the liability for another person . In the manner, if a company gets insolvent, then the companys default position have an option to be switch back, wherein the members or the shareholders agree to pay for the companies liabilities. In this case, it is said to be Contracted Around. This option is only available if the creditors are provided with the opportunity as well power of bargaining. At the same time, we can draw certain disadvantages of incorporation of veil: Corporation have to pay corporate taxes after the deduction of business expenses like fringe benefits, interests and salaries. Again after these deduction, the left over are given out as dividends to the shareholders, who have to again filetheir income tax return to pay taxes. In this manner, the company has to pay double tax. Each and every corporation are abided by some law or statute of the state to which they belong. In this manner there has to be lawyers and tax guiders who will provide with tips and tactics to run a business. In this way expenses will be incurred by the corporation, , if it maintains inter-state business. A corporation profits are always divided on the basis of the stockholding. One of the leading case matter, that laid down the introduction of relation between limited liability and corporate veil, is Saloman v A Salomon Co Ltd. A new business was incorporated by a Whitechapel cobbler under the Companies Act, 1872. The legislation at that time needed seven people for registration of the company, as may be for fewer people partnership business stands to be the best option. In order to meet this requirement, Salomon introduced six family members as his business partners each having one share in the company. Next he proceeded to secure his debt, by issuing debentures, which in turn would secure the creditors of the company at an event of bankruptcy. In the course of running the business, the company after reaching a certain point, went bankrupt. During this period, the liquidator acting on behalf of the sundry creditors went forward to sue Salomon, for the dues owed to them. On trial it was held by the Court of Appeal, that Salomon is liable for registering du mmy shareholders and in that coarse he is liable to take up companys obligations on his shoulder. Yet on the other hand it was held that since other basic requirements of the registration of the company was followed, therefore the company and the shareholders shall be treated as two separate legal entities. Therefore there cannot be lifting of corporate veil. As held in Salomons case, that law might or might not require directly or indirectly a company to be treated as a legal entity. It has been held under Section 214 of the Insolvency Act that the directors are under an obligation to pay for the companys debt, provided if having the idea that the company can get bankrupt, they keep running the business thereby increasing the companys debt. It has been held in a number of cases that in order to explain the meaning consisting of a law in relation to company law, the legislation shall aim to be completed the presence of the corporate form. Salomons principles had certain exceptions as well based on different cases, which were not that stable. It is been laid down by present English Law, that only where a company has acted fraudulently or has not acted abiding by the law, a companys separate legal entity can be avoided. Adams v Cape Industries plc is one of the leading case, which created a exception to this rule of corporate veil. Where people are not capable to contract around limited liability and having no option, left with despicable claims against insolvent entities, have very crucial effect of tort victims. at various instances where a duty of care of negligence has been noted. It owes directly across the veil of incorporation. Considering the effect of tort victims, it is still negligible to that of a company group. In matters of company group, it is difficult to identify separately the rights and responsibilities and obligations of the company and the its people distinctly. It was held once that rights should be identical as the shareholders and the managing mind of the company as same at one point. It is quite a rare incident, where the English law have uplifted the corporate veil. There have different instances in the English Law of Crimes where the court has gone beyond the rule, and have pierced into corporate veil. Thus it can be stated here in that Limited liability plays a major role in determining the Corporate existence of a company. Corporate veil in connection to limited liability, was inter-related in the way that corporate veil separated a company and its member as separate legal entities, which in turn minimized or controlled the liability scale of the entities separately. Corporate Social Responsibility, a newly introduced concept in the corporate field, basically aims at balancing all aspects of a company like the economy, social and environmental situations at a given level, keeping in mind the expectations of the shareholders and stake holders. It is a form of management in which a company un-segregate environmental and social aspects in daily business operations along with communication with stakeholders . Therefore, considering the above mentioned concept a strict differentiation shall be drawn between sponsorship or charity and concept of strategic business management. The former can increase the good name of the company as well as help in reducing the poverty scale in turn. Yet, corporate social responsibility goes beyond all this. Corporate social responsibility acts as a regulatory body of a company which maintains and secures the ethical, legal and international rules of the company . A Multinational Corporation stands as a business institute which runs its business in more than one country. It can be described as an institution which has assets and production of products is one or more countries other than its home country. It is basically a large scale business organization which runs and maintains its assets in numerous locations around the world. The basic services that are provided by a multinational corporation may be summed up in the following manner: Investment in foreign companies or country Purchasing and selling of licenses in international market Import and export in international market Opening factories and other production units in abroad location It is quite evident from the concept of multinational corporations that it is a large scale business unit. So in order to maintain and run a large scale business unit, a regulatory body is necessary which can manage its social and economical and international aspects all together in a balanced way. Minute imbalance can lead to destruction of the company at once. Corporate social responsibility acts a rule book that a multinational corporation needs to follow in order to run a safe and secured business . The basic responsibility of a company is to increase its profit level and in order to achieve, the other aspects that help to run a business shall be taken care of. Like discussed above, Corporate social responsibility is a management that helps in maintaining the social, environmental and economical balance of the company, thereby resulting in increase of communication of the stakeholders and shareholders. The basic necessities that every multinational corporation aims at is to secure the interest of the stakeholders and shareholders as they are the once depending on whom the company runs smoothly . A company is financial affected by the act of their shareholders always. Therefore in order to run an international corporation a corporate social responsibility shall be adopted in different sectors like public-relation, financing, social license etc. For example, if proper plan in made out to manage the communication between all the stakeholders of the corporation at international level like arranging meetings at different locations or video conferencing, then public relationship can be increased efficiently by the multinational company. Even electing members for direct interaction with public through campaigns, can also increase the sales rate as well public relation scale of the corporation . But overall according to my opinion, the main reason to adopt corporate social responsibility is to satisfy the needs of the stakeholder for they are the ones whose influence play a great role in identifying the progress of a multinational corporation . They are now giving a lot of importance to the ethical and environmental conditions of a corporation before going for its product . Basically more and more importance is given to satisfaction of employees, forming reputation capital, brand marketing tool else than stake holders interest, which was previously the most important thing to be maintained by a company . New acts have been generated in order to satisfy the needs of the consumer like Consumer Protection Act. There are certain advantages to the of Corporate Social Responsibility: Recruitment of employees becomes easier if a good reputation is maintained. Most productivity and efficiency is expected from employees. Employees term of office are considerably longer. It helps to maintain regulatory requirements. Business doing becomes Analyzing and understanding the impacts of the business at wider sense, helps to modify new products and do business. Corporate social responsibility increases the competition level in the market and in the coarse helps to reduce the unexpected loss that can happen to the reputation of the company. Most of the multinational corporations of 21st century are therefore focusing more and more improvement strategies. Hewlett Packard (HP) is a remarkable example of a multinational corporation which has shown noticeable improvement in the aspect of office equipments and at the same time maintaining the inherited creative managing skills of their founders. Even today corporate social responsibility is still at times noticed as green wash to clean the dirt of the pollution or as a white wash to clear and draw an improved image of the companys face. In a simple manner if we speak, corporate social responsibility can be stated as a old dress in a new gift wrapper . A good way of naming the combination of ancient and modern initiatives of multinational companies. There are certain disadvantages as to the aspect of growing Multinational corporations by using corporate social responsibility: Where corporate social responsibility is introduced different types of financial efforts are made to earn financial support like charity, sponsorship, donations etc. In this process, the money that is being invested has to be paid back in short term by the company. In this manner the Fairness in a Multinational corporation is less maintained as there is a chance of biasness in the desicion of the company. Corporate social responsibility might have adverse effect on business. For example whenever a private corporation makes the same effort that is being made a government authority, public in general gets offended as to concept offering solution to social issues. The basic adverse effect corporate social responsibility is criticism and close scrutiny of the society. On analyzing the above mentioned conditions and terms it can be quite correctly said here that there are both effects and side effects of both aspects, be it legal or managerial. A corporate social responsibility is more favorable in my opinion as it permits the growth of the company from all aspects. A company is instituted for further developments and if that it not being done, then there is no point in creating a company. Corporate social responsibility helps in channelizing the growth of a corporation. It helps in increasing the productivity of the company. Whereas on the other hand, incorporation of veil only facilitates the shareholders and the members of the company by minimizing their part of shares of liability. It helps them to be benefited personally. Corporate social responsibility though delivers some adverse effects yet it provides the company with recognition which is required to run a business. Social works like donation, charity into the society helps them to develop their social status in the society and among the people of the state. Incorporation of veil on the other side doesnt benefit a company from being socially recognized. It only helps a member or the share holder to benefit their personal belongings. So the scope of growth is very limited in this case. Separately visualizing both the aspects i.e. Limited Liability with corporate veil and Corporate social responsibility in reference to multinational corporations, we could notice that there is a vast difference between both the aspects . As per my opinion, Limited liability basically means drawing a line on the liability of a corporation. Every business institution makes daily transactions with a lot of risk. So it is quite possible for the company to undergo losses at any time during the coarse of running the business. Hence Law has made provisions in this regards so that a company doesnt have to bear liability beyond the limits marked. Corporate veil being in direct context to limited liability provides a provision for recognizing a company and its members as separate legal entity . The provision of corporate veil helps at the event of insolvency of a company . Whenever a company suffers from bankruptcy, the company and the members become liable to pay their own part of share of liability. Being separate entities, the company and the shareholders or members of the company have limited liability towards the debts of the company. So at the occasion of insolvency, a member will only pay for the amount of liability he bears in the company and not exceeding those limits . On the other hand Corporate social responsibility generally means a type of management that has been adopted universally mainly by multinational corporations for administering the business properly. Corporate social responsibility means a management to control the economic, social, political and environmental situation of a company. Basically it emphasizes on the communication of the shareholders and stakeholders in the company as it is believed in the business world that a business stands on stakeholders and shareholders. The former is a legal aspect while the later is a management aspect. One has been led down by Law, while the other has been generated newly by business proprietors to manage their international business units smoothly. If both these legal concept of limited liability in relation to corporate veil and the corporate social responsibilities are merged together, then international corporations would work more smoothly providing the company as well as its members with proper environment and conditions to work. Limited liability would draw the attention of the members to work in the company and at the same time, corporate social responsibility would help to administer the business properly, thereby increasing the profit level of the company and taking the company to different market sectors . Hence the conflict is entirely baseless as corporate social responsibility will protect a corporation from being insolvent and also for administering it properly . In order to run a multinational corporation smoothly, managerial aspects are highly required and desired. References Avgouleas E, 'Developments In European Company Law Vol. 1' (2012) 1999 ac Barrow C,Starting A Business For Dummies(Wiley 2014) Benn S and Bolton D,Key Concepts In Corporate Social Responsibility(SAGE 2011) Blowfield M and Murray A,Corporate Responsibility Boyle T, 'Company Law Shareholder Remedies: The Final Report' (2012) 1998 ac Castelo Branco M and Delgado C, 'Research On Corporate Social Responsibility And Disclosure In Portugal' (2011) 7 Social Responsibility Journal Chiappetta F and Tombari U, 'Perspectives On Group Corporate Governance And European Company Law' (2012) 9 European Company and Financial Law Review Clottens C, 'Empty Voting: A European Perspective' (2012) 9 European Company and Financial Law Review Collett Miles P and Miles G, 'Corporate Social Responsibility And Executive Compensation: Exploring The Link' (2013) 9 Social Responsibility Journal El Ebrashi R, 'Social Entrepreneurship Theory And Sustainable Social Impact' (2013) 9 Social Responsibility Journal French D,Blackstone's Statutes On Company Law(Oxford University Press 2011) Gottschalk P,Corporate Social Responsibility, Governance And Corporate Reputation(World Scientific 2011) Haerens M and Zott L,Corporate Social Responsibility Karapano A and Karapano I, 'The Piercing Of The Corporate Veil Doctrine: A Comparative Approach To The Piercing Of The Corporate Veil In European Union And Albania' [2013] Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Lim E, 'Attribution In Company Law' (2014) 77 The Modern Law Review Lister J,Corporate Social Responsibility And The State(UBC Press 2011) McWilliams A,Economics Of Corporate Social Responsibility(Edward Elgar 2014) Moon J,Corporate Social Responsibility Mozes M, Josman Z and Yaniv E, 'Corporate Social Responsibility Organizational Identification And Motivation' (2011) 7 Social Responsibility Journal O'Brien A, 'Overview: Company And Insolvency Law' (2014) 3 Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law Paulus C, 'The Wonderful World Of Privileges' (2015) 11 European Company and Financial Law Review Poorthuis A, 'Networked: The New Social Operating System, By Lee Rainie And Barry Wellman' (2013) 53 Journal of Regional Science Ray S and Siva Raju S,Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility Roach L,Company Law(Oxford University Press 2011) Stevens R, 'The Consolidation Of Assets And Liabilities Within Company Groups' (2014) 2 The Dovenschmidt Quarterly Tench R, Jones B and Sun W,Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility Walmsley K,Butterworths Company Law Handbook(Butterworths 2012) Yap J, 'Considering Commercial And Company Law Reform' (2015) 36 Statute Law Review Keith Walmsley, Butterworths Company Law Handbook (Butterworths 2012). Emilios Avgouleas, 'Developments In European Company Law Vol. 1' (2012) 1999 ac. Colin Barrow, Starting A Business For Dummies (Wiley 2014). J. L. Yap, 'Considering Commercial And Company Law Reform' (2015) 36 Statute Law Review. Suzanne Benn and Dianne Bolton, Key Concepts In Corporate Social Responsibility (SAGE 2011). Mick Blowfield and Alan Murray, Corporate Responsibility. Angus O'Brien, 'Overview: Company And Insolvency Law' (2014) 3 Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law. Albana Karapano and Ina Karapano, 'The Piercing Of The Corporate Veil Doctrine: A Comparative Approach To The Piercing Of The Corporate Veil In European Union And Albania' [2013] Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. Tony Boyle, 'Company Law Shareholder Remedies: The Final Report' (2012) 1998 ac. Derek French, Blackstone's Statutes On Company Law (Oxford University Press 2011). Francesco Chiappetta and Umberto Tombari, 'Perspectives On Group Corporate Governance And European Company Law' (2012) 9 European Company and Financial Law Review. Ernest Lim, 'Attribution In Company Law' (2014) 77 The Modern Law Review. Carl Clottens, 'Empty Voting: A European Perspective' (2012) 9 European Company and Financial Law Review. Manuel Castelo Branco and Catarina Delgado, 'Research On Corporate Social Responsibility And Disclosure In Portugal' (2011) 7 Social Responsibility Journal. Patti Collett Miles and Grant Miles, 'Corporate Social Responsibility And Executive Compensation: Exploring The Link' (2013) 9 Social Responsibility Journal. Raghda El Ebrashi, 'Social Entrepreneurship Theory And Sustainable Social Impact' (2013) 9 Social Responsibility Journal. Petter Gottschalk, Corporate Social Responsibility, Governance And Corporate Reputation (World Scientific 2011). Margaret Haerens and Lynn M Zott, Corporate Social Responsibility. Ralph Tench, Brian Jones and William Sun, Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility. Jane Lister, Corporate Social Responsibility And The State (UBC Press 2011). Abagail McWilliams, Economics Of Corporate Social Responsibility (Edward Elgar 2014). Jeremy Moon, Corporate Social Responsibility. Michal Mozes, Zvi Josman and Eyal Yaniv, 'Corporate Social Responsibility Organizational Identification And Motivation' (2011) 7 Social Responsibility Journal. Christoph G. Paulus, 'The Wonderful World Of Privileges' (2015) 11 European Company and Financial Law Review. Richard Stevens, 'The Consolidation Of Assets And Liabilities Within Company Groups' (2014) 2 The Dovenschmidt Quarterly. Subhasis Ray and S Siva Raju, Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility. Ate Poorthuis, 'Networked: The New Social Operating System, By Lee Rainie And Barry Wellman' (2013) 53 Journal of Regional Science. Lee Roach, Company Law (Oxford University Press 2011).

Accuracy Definition in Chemistry

Accuracy Definition in Chemistry Accuracy refers to the correctness of a single measurement. Accuracy is determined by comparing the measurement against the true or accepted value. An accurate measurement is close to the true value, like hitting the center of a bullseye. Contrast this with precision, which reflects how well a series of measurements agree with each other, whether or not any of them are close to the true value. Precision can often be adjusted using calibration to yield values that are both accurate and precise. Scientists often report percent error of a measurement, which expresses how far a measured value is from the true value. Examples of Accuracy in Measurements For example, if you measure a cube that is known to be 10.0 cm across and your values are 9.0 cm, 8.8 cm, and 11.2 cm, these values are more accurate than if you had gotten values of 11.5 cm, 11.6 cm, and 11.6 cm (which are more precise). Different types of glassware used in the lab are inherently different in their level of accuracy. If you use an unmarked flask to try to obtain 1 liter of liquid, youre likely not going to be very accurate. If you use a 1-liter beaker, youll probably be accurate within several milliliters. If you use a volumetric flask, the accuracy of the measurement may be within a milliliter or two. Accurate measuring tools, such as a volumetric flask, are usually labeled so a scientist knows what level of accuracy to expect from the measurement. For another example, consider mass measurement. If you measure mass on a Mettler scale, you can expect accuracy within a fraction of a gram (depending on how well the scale is calibrated). If you use a home scale to measure mass, you usually need to tare the scale (zero it) to calibrate it and even then will only get an inaccurate mass measurement. For a scale used to measure weight, for example, the value could be off by half a pound or more, plus the accuracy of the scale may change depending on where you are in the instruments range. A person weighing close to 125 lbs might get a more accurate measurement than a baby weighing 12 lbs. In other cases, accuracy reflects how close a value is to a standard. A standard is an accepted value. A chemist might prepare a standard solution to use as a reference. There are also standards for units of measurement, such as the meter, liter, and kilogram. The atomic clock is a type of standard used to determine accuracy of time measurements.

Underclass in Britain Essay Example

Underclass in Britain Essay Example Underclass in Britain Paper Underclass in Britain Paper An increase in the number of jobs available wouldnt reduce unemployment or the underclass though as these unemployed illegitimate criminals dont want jobs as receiving benefits is a far more attractive alternative option. Not surprisingly Murrays views on the welfare state and the underclass attracted many criticisms, many of whom believe that the welfare state does not provide an underclass. In terms of illegitimacy J. Brown (In Murray, C. 1993:61) points out that Murray merely picked out the statistics he wanted to support his one sided arguments on illegitimacy, who choose not to work, marry and be dependent upon long term benefits. Whereas 25% if single mothers work part-time, they actually spend less time on benefits than widowed and divorced mother do and 60% if single mothers remarried by the time their child is 5 yr. old and 70% of them are married when the child is ages 7 yr. old, (Ermisch in Murray, C. 1993:63) therefore there are no a wave of children with no role models in terms of a father figure. Deakin (In Murray, C. 1993:75) further more supports Browns argument by suggesting that illegitimacy rates have not increased because of the welfare state but because there has been a decline in the popularity of marriage. If you cut benefits as Murray implies then single mothers will be forced to stay dependent upon them , with no means to go back to work or to find a job and if they did work when their child is still a baby and very dependent on the carer they would be seen as a bad mother. It seems that it is a vicious crucial, cutting benefits leads to problems and having benefits leads to an underclass! How the welfare state promotes violent crime is bizarre to even suggest I feel, how can welfare increase crime, what benefits do criminals get from the welfare state? My opinion is supported by Deakin (In Murray. C, 1993:76) as a completely flawed correlation, Murrays use of British Crime Statistics actually forces the theory to it knees (ibid. ). Crime maybe inter-related with illegitimacy and unemployment but it doesnt increase because of the welfare state directly. Field, to a certain extent agreed with Murray in terms of the welfare state encouraging unemployment. Trying to get the young disillusioned unemployed worker back into work is a mammoth problematic task, YTS schemes and the new deal are not popular and are only a mere feasible attempt to address the problems created by the welfare state Murray might argue. YTS schemes are unpopular and unsuccessful in getting people back into work as they are just forms of slave labour, they seek to blame the victim or there own poverty and misfortunes very much like the Victorian Middle Class of the 18/19th century did, many people have little choice in their own making and are forced by uncontrollable circumstances to become unemployed and part of an illegitimate family, Walker (In Murray. C, 1993:69). The weight of Murrays argument and its criticisms it seems to suggest that welfare does not create an underclass to the extent that Murray believed. His ideas tend to be focused upon the moralising agenda of the underclass, where he refers to a type of poverty rather than to the degree of poverty that the underclass experience. He only focuses upon social welfare creating an underclass and ignores fiscal and occupational welfare, maybe he didnt believe these were responsible for creating an underclass or was it a case of those who are dependent upon these forms of welfare are generally the Middle Classes and these Middle Classes only use certain forms of social welfare such as the NHS and education and are not supcitible to a decline in their moral/values like the Working Class and underclass who use these forms of welfare? It is not the case that the welfare state is the cause of the underclass rather how the term underclass is perceived which depends whether you are part of the so called underclass or overclass (Walker in Murray. C, 1993:71) which relates back to the problem of such a strong derogatory term as underclass so much so that it is an unhelpful concept that cannot explain its own emergence in the welfare state of Britain. But even in todays government Tony Blair has been influenced by Murrays theory of an underclass in the welfare state by stating that the underclass are set apart from the mainstream of society pointing to the need to re-moralise the underclass/poor, what then for the future of the welfare state and the underclass? If Britain took literally and followed the inhumane radical suggestions of Murray would it necessarily make the underclass dependent? Looking back in history to Victorian times, where welfare was far from generous-but a deterrent for idleness, why was there a growing Working Class or underclass growing out of control? In line with Murrays seemingly Victorian attitude to poverty is the fact that he focuses upon the fact that poverty is the fault of the underclass in terms of their behaviour which diverts the attention away form the view that the phenomenon f the underclass could be caused by the failure of the economic and labour market polices and be a result of political causes mot that they are the ones making the wrong moral choices (Alcock. P, in Murray. C, 1993:140) Bibliography Deakin, N. (1990) Mr Murrays Ark.in Murray, C (1990) The Emerging British Underclass IEA London Dean H. and Taylor-Gooby,P. (1992) Dependency Culture Harvester Wheatsheaf, Ermisch, J. F. (1991) Lone parenthood : an economic analysis Cambridge : Cambridge Univeristy Press, Field, F. , (1989) Losing Out The Emergence of Britains Underclass, Basil Blackwell, Oxford. Fitzpatrick,T. (1996) Postmodernism, Welfare and Radical Politics. In Journal of Social Policy, 25. 3. pp303-320 Lister, R. (1996) (ed) Charles Murray and the Underclass The Developing Debate IEA Health and Welfare Unit. London. MacDonald, R. (ed) (1997) Youth, the underclass and Social Exclusion, Routlegde, London Mann, K. (1992) The Making of an English Underclass? Milton Keneys, Open University Press. Murray, C. (1990) The Emerging British UNDERCLASS. IEA Health and Welfare Unit, Murray, C. (1994) Underclass The Crisis Deepens I. E. A. Smith, D. J. (ed) (1992) Understanding the Underclass PSI London. Walker, A. (Ed) (1996) The New Generational Contract Intergenerational relations, old age and welfare. UCL Press. London. ANGELA ALCOCK FAO Banu.